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5-73. Define the ‘Exterior’ of the body and explain what is meant by an ‘exterior’ pattern.

Answer: The Exterior is the space between skin and muscles (where Defensive Qi and sweat are located) and the channels. An exterior pattern refers to the location of the disease (in the Exterior).

인체의 ()”를 정의하고, “표증(表證)”이 무엇을 의미하는지를 설명하시오.

() ()란 피부(皮膚)와 기육(肌肉) 사이의 공간 (위기와 한공이 위치한 곳) 및 경맥(經脈)을 의미한다. 표증(表證)은 표()에 위치한 질환에 관한 것이다.  

 

5-74. What are the two most characteristic clinical manifestations arising from invasion of the Exterior by a pathogenic factor?

Answer: Aversion to cold and fever.

외감표사(外感表邪)의 침범으로 인한 두 가지의 가장 특징적인 임상(臨床)표현(表現)?

() 오한발열(惡寒發熱)

 

5-75. What are the main signs that differentiate the Hot or Cold character of an exterior pattern?

Answer: Thirst (Hot) or its absence (Cold) and a Tight (Cold) or Rapid (Hot) Pulse.

표한증(表寒證)과 표열증(表熱證)을 변별하는 주 증상은?

() 갈증(渴症)의 유()(열증) 혹은 무()(한증), 긴맥(緊脈)(한증) 혹은 삭맥(數脈)(열증)  

 

5-76. How might you tell whether an exterior pattern is Full or Empty?

Answer: Three factors: sweating (Empty) or its absence (Full); pulse (Slow in Empty and Tight in Full); severity of body aches (severe in Full, less so in Empty).

표실증(表實證)인지 표허증(表虛證)인지를 어떻게 구별하는가?

() 세 가지 요인: 유한(有汗)(허증) 혹은 무한(無汗)(실증); 지맥(遲脈)(허증) 혹은 긴맥(緊脈)(실증); 신동(身疼)의 경중(輕重) (심함-실증, 덜함-허증)  

 

5-77. What symptom would tell you that a pathogenic factor had progressed into the Interior?

Answer: Aversion to cold would change to an aversion to heat.

표사(表邪)가 이()로 전변되면 어떠한 증상이 있는가?

() 오한(惡寒)이 오열(惡熱)로 바뀜

 

5-78. Give three clinical manifestations of an internal condition of Full-Heat.

Answer: Any three of: thirst, a feeling of heat, some mental restlessness, red face, dry stools, scanty dark urine, a Rapid-Full pulse, and a Red tongue with yellow coating.

리실열(裏實熱)의 세 가지 임상(臨床) 증상(症狀)을 열거하시오.

() 다음 중 어느 세 가지: 갈증(渴症), 열감(熱感), 번조(煩躁), 면적(面赤), 건변(乾便), 소변단적(小便短赤), 실삭맥(實數脈), 설홍황태(舌紅黃苔).

 

5-79. How do the mental–emotional symptoms characterizing Full-Heat differ from those of Empty-Heat?

Answer: Full-Heat causes severe mental restlessness, agitation, anxiety, and insomnia with agitated sleep. Empty-Heat causes a vague mental restlessness that is worse in the evening, anxiety with fidgeting, and waking up frequently during the night.

실열(實熱)과 허열(虛熱)의 차이를 말하는 정신적(精神的)/정지적(情志的) 증상(症狀)의 특징은?

() 실열(實熱)번조(煩躁), 조동(躁動), 불안(不安), 불면다몽(不眠多夢)을 유발. 허열(虛熱)은 막연한 번조(煩躁) (저녁 무렵에 심해짐), 조동(躁動)불안(不安), 야간(夜間)에 자주 깸.