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4-15. Why would people feel chilly when they have suffered an invasion of exterior Wind?

Answer: Exterior Wind obstructs the circulation of Defensive Qi in the space between the skin and the muscles. Defensive Qi is then unable to warm the muscles, so the person feels cold.

외감(外感) 풍사(風邪) 사람은 오한(惡寒) 느끼는가?

() 외풍(外風) 주리(腠理)에서의 위기(衛氣) 순환(循環) 막는다. 위기(衛氣) 기육(肌肉) 따뜻하게 없어 사람은 오한(惡寒) 느낀다.

 

4-16. Why is there no sweating in an invasion of Wind-Cold?

Answer: Because the Cold contracts the pores.

풍한사(風寒邪) 침습(侵襲) () 무한(無汗)인가?

() 한사(寒邪) 한공(汗孔) 수축(收縮)시키기 때문이다.

 

4-17. What symptoms are caused by external Wind invading the Connecting channels of the face?

Answer: Numbness (rather than the paralysis caused by invasion of the main channels of the face).

외풍(外風) 안면(顔面) 락맥(絡脈) 침습(侵襲) 경우 어떤 증상(症狀) 유발(誘發)되는가?

() 마목(痲木) (안면(顔面) 주요 경맥(經脈) 의하여 유발되는 마비(痲痺)라기 보다는)

 

4-18. Which organ disharmonies commonly cause Wind in the skin?

Answer: Liver-Fire or Liver-Blood deficiency.

어느 장부(臟腑) 부조화(不調和) 피부(皮膚) 풍사(風邪) 유발하는가?

() 간화(肝火) 혹은 간혈허(肝血虛)

 

4-19. The Yang of which organs are usually the first to be affected by Cold?

Answer: Spleen and Kidneys.

어느 장부(臟腑) () 종종 한사(寒邪) 의하여 먼저 영향(影響) 받는가?

() () ()

 

4-20. How would you know whether a painful joint was caused by Cold?

Answer: The pain would be intense, often in a single joint, would be aggravated by exposure to cold and alleviated by heat and may feel cold on palpation.

한사(寒邪) 의하여 관절통(關節痛) 생긴지 여부(與否) 어떻게 아는가?

() 통증(痛症) 극렬(極烈)하고 종종 한쪽 관절(關節) 나타나고, 한사(寒邪) 노출(露出)되면 ()해지고, () 의하여 경감(輕減)되고, 안진시(按診時) 냉감(冷感) 느낄 있다.

 

4-21. Summer-Heat differs from the other pathogenic factors in which two ways?

Answer: It is specific to its season – summer – and can only be an external pathogenic factor.

서열(暑熱) 가지 ()에서 다른 사기(邪氣) 다른가?

() 특정(特定) 계절(季節)(여름) 국한(局限)되고, 오직 외사(外邪) 있다.

 

4-22. Complete the following: ‘Summer-Heat includes manifestations of external ____, ________ and interior ____.’

Answer: ‘Summer-Heat includes manifestations of external Wind, Dampness and interior Heat.’

다음을 완성(完成)하시오. 서열사(暑熱邪) 표증(表證) ___(), ____() 리증(裏證) ___() 증상(症狀) 포함한다.

() 서열사(暑熱邪) 표증(表證) 풍사(風邪), 습사(濕邪) 리증(裏證) 열사(熱邪) 증상(症狀) 포함한다.

 

4-23. Why is Dampness described as being ‘dirty’?

Answer: Because it causes dirty discharges, such as cloudy urine, vaginal discharges or skin diseases characterized by dirty, oozing fluids.

습사(濕邪) ()하다라고 표현하는가?

() 습사(濕邪) 탁뇨(濁尿), 대하(帶下), 혹은 () 피부병(皮膚病), 진물 등과 같은 () 배설물(排泄物) 유발하기 때문이다.  

 

4-24. What eye symptoms are often caused by Dampness?

Answer: Red swollen eyelids, eyes oozing fluid, styes.

습사(濕邪) 의하여 흔히 유발되는 증상은?

() 붉고 부은 안검(眼瞼, 눈꺼풀), 눈의 진물, 다래끼.  

 

4-25. What is the most characteristic symptom caused by Dampness obstructing the Liver or Gall Bladder?

Answer: Hypochondrial fullness, distension and pain.

습사(濕邪) () () 조체(阻滯) 경우 가장 특징적(特徵的) 증상(症狀)?

() 협륵부(脅肋腑) 창만통(脹滿痛)

 

4-26. Which organs can be directly invaded by external Dampness?

Answer: The Bladder, Intestines, Stomach, Uterus and Gall Bladder.

외습(外濕) 의하여 직접(直接) 침범(侵犯)되는 장부(臟腑)?

() 방광(膀胱), (), (), 자궁(子宮), ().  

 

4-27. What symptoms are typically caused by chronic Dampness in the skin?

Answer: Vesicles, papules, skin lesions oozing fluid, and puffiness of the skin.

피부(皮膚) 만성적(慢性的) 습사(濕邪) 의하여 전형적(典型的)으로 유발되는 증상(症狀)?

() 수포(水疱), 점토류상물(粘土瘤狀物), 진물이 나오는 피부(皮膚)손상(損傷), 부은 피부.

 

4-28. Which two organs are affected by tobacco smoking, and how does it affect them?

Answer: Lungs and the Kidneys; it dries the Yin of these organs.

흡연(吸煙) 의하여 영향을 받는 가지 장부(臟腑)? 그리고 어떻게 영향을 미치는가?

() () (): 장부(臟腑) () 말린다.

 

4-29. Give three characteristics that illustrate the nature of Fire.

Answer: Any three of the following: Fire rises to the head, it dries fluids, it injures Blood and Yin, it causes bleeding and affects the Mind.

화사(火邪) 본질(本質) 설명하는 가지 특징을 드시오.

() 다음 어느 가지: 두부(頭部) 상염(上炎), 진액(津液) 말림, 음혈(陰血) 손상(損傷), 출혈(出血) 유발, 신지(神志) 영향을 준다.